New forms of employment

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Authors

Irene Mandl

Sara Riso

Abstract

Across Europe, new forms of employment are emerging that are different from traditional standard or non-standard employment in a number of ways. Some transform the relationship between employer and employee, some change work organisation and work patterns, and some do both. This report identifies nine forms of employment that are new or have become increasingly important in Europe since the year 2000. While there is wide diversity in terms of their characteristics and employment relationship, all the forms aim to increase flexibility for employers and/or employees. Although some have the potential to benefit employers and employees equally, in a few cases concerns have been raised about their impact on working conditions and the labour market. The report concludes with recommendations about the need to raise awareness of the potential problems and establish safety nets for workers.

New forms of employment

English (6.25 MB - PDF)

Executive summary

New forms of employment - Executive summary

Societal and economic developments, such as the need for increased flexibility by both employers and workers, have resulted in the emergence of new forms of employment across Europe. These have transformed the traditional one-to-one relationship between employer and employee. They are also...

Author(s):

Eurofound

New forms of employment - Executive summary

English (62.13 KB - PDF)

Number of pages: 168

Reference nº: EF1461

ISBN: 978-92-897-1594-2

Catalogue nº: TJ-02-17-722-EN-N

DOI: 10.2806/937385

Permalink: eurofound.link/ef1461

The ‘New forms of employment’ report is based on 67 individual case studies from across Europe that represent a variety of employment forms. The cases studies either deal with a specific employer-worker relationship or comprise a policy analysis (legislation or collective agreement, public support instrument). The list below details the case studies. For the report on strategic employee sharing, the case studies on the policy analysis in Germany, Belgium, France, Hungary and Austria for this employment form have been updated, and an additional case study on Ireland has been conducted.

No.	Employment form	Country	Type of case study
1	Employee sharing	Germany	AGZ Südbrandenburg
2	Employee sharing	Germany	Policy analysis
3	Employee sharing	Belgium	JobArdent
4	Employee sharing	Belgium	Policy analysis
5	Interim management	Czech Republic	Personal Connect and Manpower
6	Interim management	Czech Republic	Human Garden and Nemos Sokolov
7	Employee sharing	Czech Republic	Policy analysis
8	Employee sharing	Finland	Andelslag
9	Collaborative employment	France	AdPartners
10	Collaborative employment	France	Policy analysis
11	Employee sharing	France	Île de Noirmoutier - Île d'Yeu
12	Employee sharing	France	Fédération Isocel
13	Employee sharing	France	Policy analysis
14	Employee sharing	Hungary	Two IT firms
15	Employee sharing	Hungary	Policy analysis
16	Platform work	Lithuania	LingJob
17	Employee sharing	Luxembourg	Textilcord and SolarWood
18	Employee sharing	Luxembourg	ArcelorMittal
19	Employee sharing	Luxembourg	Policy analysis
20	Platform work	Czech Republic	Topdesigner.cz
21	Platform work	Germany	Clickworker
22	Platform work	Denmark	Boblr
23	Platform work	Spain	Adtriboo
24	Platform work	Latvia	Academy of Ideas
25	Platform work	Portugal	Idea Hunting
26	Platform work	United Kingdom	Amazon Mechanical Turk
27	Platform work	United Kingdom	Taskhub
28	ICT-based mobile work	Denmark	Grontmij
29	ICT-based mobile work	Finland	Suomen Pienyrittäjäin Mainostoimisto
30	ICT-based mobile work	Greece	Microsoft Hellas
31	ICT-based mobile work	Latvia	Belam-Riga
32	ICT-based mobile work	The Netherlands	YoungCapital
33	ICT-based mobile work	Norway	Hewlett-Packard Norway
34	ICT-based mobile work	Slovenia	Faculty of Social Sciences at the University of Ljubljana
35	ICT-based mobile work	Sweden	Engbergs Transportsystem
36	Job sharing	Czech Republic	Town District Prague 9
37	Job sharing	Poland	Krakow Regional Labour Office
38	Job sharing	Slovenia	University Medical Centre Ljubljana
39	Job sharing	Slovenia	Policy analysis
40	Casual work	Slovakia	Piešťany Hospital
41	Job sharing, casual work	Slovakia	Policy analysis
42	Voucher-based work	Belgium	Landelijk Dienstencoöperatief
43	Voucher-based work	Belgium	Policy analysis
44	Voucher-based work	Italy	Municipality of Gorizia
45	Voucher-based work	Italy	Policy analysis
46	Casual work	United Kingdom	Slivers of Time
47	Casual work	United Kingdom	Local government contracting of social care
48	Casual work	United Kingdom	Policy analysis
49	Collaborative employment	Germany	Werkheim Hamburg
50	Collaborative employment	Germany	Policy analysis
51	Collaborative employment	Spain	Utopic_US
52	Collaborative employment	Spain	Policy analysis
53	Voucher-based work	Greece	West SA
54	Voucher-based work	Greece	Policy analysis
55	Voucher-based work	Lithuania	Plant nursery
56	Voucher-based work	Lithuania	Policy analysis
57	Casual work	Hungary	Plastic packaging company
58	Casual work	Hungary	Policy analysis
59	Casual work	Romania	Clock Advertising
60	Casual work	Romania	Policy analysis
61	Casual work	Ireland	Company case study
62	Casual work	Ireland	Policy analysis
63	Casual work	The Netherlands	Childcare company
64	Casual work	The Netherlands	Policy analysis
65	Employee sharing	Austria	Policy analysis
66	Voucher-based work	Austria	Policy analysis
67	Employee sharing	Ireland	Exploring the transferability of the employment form

New forms of employment - Executive summary